Hyperlipidemia also known as dyslipidemia includes elevated triglycerides elevated total cholesterol elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Abnormal lipid metabolism is one of the most important metabolic changes in patients with malignant tumors which may be closely related to the occurrence development metastasis and prognosis of malignant tumors. The relationship between hyperlipidemia and malignant tumors has not been clearly elucidated. There are literature reports that hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for malignant tumors and has a negative impact on their survival prognosis. Some scholars also believe that elevated total cholesterol is a protective factor against cancer and is associated with a decrease in overall mortality rate among cancer patients. At present there is no precise guidance on blood lipid management for cancer internationally and a large number of literature research results suggest that the relationship between abnormal blood lipids and cancer is very complex. Lipids are important components of biological membranes and cellular structures. Lipids are used for energy storage and metabolism and play an important role as signaling molecules for many cellular activities. The molecular biology mechanism of lipids in malignant tumors may be more complex. This article will be based on the research results of the Investigation of the Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers INSCOC trial and combined with domestic and foreign literature reports to provide a systematic review further elaborating on the correlation between hyperlipidemia and malignant tumors.