The application of comprehensive nutrition management in perioperative patients is of great significance. The perioperative period covers three stages pre - operation post - operation and the 30 days after discharge. Through systematic dynamic and individualized precise nutrition intervention strategies comprehensive nutrition management comprehensively optimizes the nutritional status of patients. Research shows that the nutritional status directly affects the postoperative prognosis rehabilitation process and long-term quality of life of patients. In the pre-operative stage identifying patients with nutritional risks and malnutrition through standardized screening tools and implementing nutritional support for at least 7 days can significantly improve hypoproteinemia reduce the postoperative infection rate and increase the survival rate. For patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery replacing traditional bowel preparation with enteral nutrition before surgery can reduce intestinal mucosal damage while maintaining nutritional status. In the postoperative stage the early initiation of enteral nutrition can accelerate the recovery of intestinal function shorten the length of hospital stay and reduce the risk of infection. For patients with limited intestinal function supplemental parenteral nutrition is required to ensure energy and protein intake while avoiding metabolic complications. Within 30 days after discharge patients still face the risk of malnutrition. In particular the continuous application of oral nutritional supplements needs to be emphasized. It can effectively reduce skeletal muscle loss improve the tolerance to chemotherapy and enhance compliance through remote monitoring and digital tools. However in current clinical practice there are still problems such as the inconsistent application of nutritional screening tools insufficient standardization of intervention measures and unclear timing of support for special patient groups. Based on the literature retrieval strategy this article systematically reviews the latest research progress of comprehensive nutrition management during the perioperative period including nutritional screening criteria intervention programs implementation paths and health economic benefits. It aims to provide clinicians with an individualized management framework for multidisciplinary collaboration optimize nutritional support strategies ultimately reduce the incidence of complications shorten the rehabilitation period and improve the quality of life of patients.