Cancer exercise therapy as an integral component of comprehensive cancer management demonstrates unique scientific value in cancer prevention treatment and rehabilitation. Microcirculation—the critical network for material exchange—undergoes structural and functional abnormalities that foster procarcinogenic microenvironments through localized tissue hypoxia and immunosuppression. The "Warburg effect" in tumor cells further exacerbates this condition. As a non-pharmacological intervention regular exercise improves microcirculatory perfusion reduces inflammatory cytokine levels and activates immune responses offering significant implications for cancer control. In China exercise therapy traces its origins to Daoyin techniques of the Qin Dynasty evolving into a modern systematic approach. Globally research has shifted from initially focusing on quality -of -life outcomes to elucidating mechanistic pathways now confirming exercise􀆶 s multifaceted antitumor effects. Exercise therapy demonstrates substantial efficacy in both prevention and treatment. For prevention it mitigates cancer risk through metabolic regulation and immune enhancement. For treatment it augments therapeutic outcomes alleviates treatment-related adverse effects and accelerates recovery. In China policy support integrative medicine and technological innovation further advance its application. Future developments will prioritize precision exercise prescriptions integration of smart technologies and quad -modal interventions " Exercise -Nutrition - Psychology-Community" to provide novel strategies for cancer prevention and control.