Liver cancer as one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide its pathogenesis is closely related to factors such as viral hepatitis metabolic disorders and obesity. Although the survival rate of liver cancer patients has significantly improved after comprehensive treatments such as targeted therapy immunotherapy and interventional therapy most patients are diagnosed at the middle or advanced stage. Even with radical treatment the recurrence rate is still very high and both the incidence and mortality of liver cancer need to be reduced. Exercise intervention is becoming a promising therapeutic strategy especially. Current research indicates that exercise can reduce the risk of liver cancer significantly shorten the postoperative hospital stay of liver cancer patients enhance the efficacy of anti - tumor treatment improve the quality of life of patients and prolong their survival period. Its role in anti-cancer may involve multiple mechanisms. Exercise can not only slow down the development process of tumor cells by regulating the intrinsic factors of tumor cells such as growth rate metastasis and metabolism but also improve or restore the homeostasis of the cellular microenvironment by regulating metabolism - related pathways including glucose metabolism insulin metabolism lipid metabolism and autophagy influencing the immune system and regulating inflammatory factors. This article aims to explore the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of liver cancer summarize the mechanisms controlling tumor metabolism and systemic immune function and propose the latest consensus on the exercise plan for liver cancer patients. All in all exercise can serve as an important intervention measure for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer and its complications.