Rational nutritional therapy plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life reducing complications lowering treatment costs and enhancing the prognosis of cancer patients. Due to the disease itself and the effects of treatment cancer patients often face severe malnutrition however the current rate of clinical nutritional intervention still needs improvement. In 2024 Chinese researchers achieved significant breakthroughs across several key areas of oncology nutrition encompassing cancer prevention metabolic intervention nutritional assessment and mechanistic studies In cancer prevention studies have shown that specific foods such as onions and cruciferous vegetables can significantly reduce the risk of liver and gastrointestinal cancers Regarding metabolic and nutritional interventions and assessment research revealed that a serine / glycine - free diet can enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy methionine supplementation can improve muscle atrophy caused by cancer cachexia sarcopenic obesity is closely associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients whereas a high BMI has a protective effect in elderly cancer patients. Mechanistic investigations further elucidated tumor cells drive immune evasion through metabolic competition providing a theoretical basis for precision therapies targeting metabolic pathways. In the future artificial intelligence technologies will empower research in oncology nutrition and metabolism promoting the design of individualized and precise nutritional prescriptions. These high - level research findings provide important evidence-based medical support for nutritional therapy in cancer helping to advance the field toward greater precision and individualization.