Objective To explore the nutritional literacy categories of family caregivers for postoperative gastrointestinal cancer patients and analyze the influencing factors of different categories. Method Conveniently select the family caregivers of 402 postoperative patients with gastrointestinal tumors who were admitted to our hospital from December 2023 to February 2024 as the research subjects. Using social cognitive theory as a framework a self-designed general information survey form a nutrition literacy scale for family caregivers of patients with digestive system tumors after surgery a communication mode scale for family caregivers and an unmet needs scale for cancer patient supporters were used for the survey. Potential profile analysis was conducted on the nutritional literacy level of family caregivers and multiple Logistic regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors of family caregivers' nutritional literacy that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis. Result 399 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective rate of 99. 25% . The nutritional literacy characteristics of family caregivers can be divided into three categories weak foundation type 40. 35% prominent attitude fluctuation type 13. 53% and versatile stability type 46. 12% . Gender educational level caregiver work status family economy patient relationship communication with medical staff communication mode and degree of unmet needs are three potential categories of influencing factors P<0. 05 . Conclusion The nutritional literacy of family caregivers of patients with gastrointestinal tumors after surgery has obvious categorical characteristics. Medical staff can predict the nutritional literacy characteristics of caregivers based on their demographic and disease characteristics and develop targeted and personalized response strategies accordingly to improve the level of nutritional literacy.