In recent years the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer have increased year by year posing a huge threat to health. Long - term chronic inflammatory state can lead to dysfunction of the body. Diet as a modifiable factor of the body 's inflammatory level affects health outcomes due to different inflammatory properties and effect levels presented by different dietary components and nutrients. In recent years domestic and foreign scholars have continuously explored and demonstrated that there is a potential association between the inflammatory potential of diet and the risk of colorectal cancer. However the relationship between the inflammatory potential of different diets and the pathogenesis and prognosis of colorectal cancer needs further exploration and research. A healthy diet can prevent the occurrence of colorectal cancer by regulating the production of inflammatory factors in the body improving the body 's immune ability. Therefore this article evaluates the inflammatory potential of diet the mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis the correlation between diet related to inflammatory potential and colorectal cancer and the prognosis in order to improve the screening system for high-risk populations of colorectal cancer reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer and provide new ideas and new perspectives for the construction of personalized dietary intervention programs for high-risk populations of colorectal cancer in my country.