Colorectal cancer CRC is the third most common tumor worldwide. Phytochemicals naturally occurring in plants have emerged as a research focus in colorectal cancer CRC due to their potential anti - tumor activities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that phytochemicals such as polyphenols e. g. resveratrol soy isoflavones catechin sulfur-containing compounds and quinones e. g. allicin isothiocyanate and terpenoids e. g. phytosterols can inhibit the initiation and progression of CRC through diverse molecular mechanisms. These mechanisms involve the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation induction of apoptosis and autophagy anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and modulation of tumor immune microenvironment metabolic reprogramming and gut microbiome homeostasis. Furthermore certain phytochemicals can enhance the sensitivity of CRC to chemotherapy and radiotherapy while mitigating their associated side effects. However the clinical application of phytochemicals for CRC management faces challenges including unclear mechanisms low bioavailability unobvious dose - dependent effects and concerns regarding long-term safety. Future research should integrate methodologies such as artificial intelligence novel drug delivery systems structural optimization and precision medicine. Furthermore high - quality randomized controlled clinical trials should be used to verify the potential effects of phytochemicals in the prevention and adjuvant therapy of CRC.