The global epidemic of obesity has underscored the critical need for innovative approaches to traditional intervention strategies. Mindful eating intervention MEI an interdisciplinary approach integrating behavioral medicine and nutritional psychology represents a promising paradigm for obesity management. This review systematically examines the multidimensional mechanisms underlying MEI at the neurophysiological level MEI modulates metabolic homeostasis through the regulation of satiety signaling pathways gastrointestinal motility and hormonal secretion while simultaneously enhancing dietary decision-making via the inhibition of reward circuits activation of executive control networks and functional optimization of the insular cortex at the psychological level MEI facilitates the differentiation between emotional states and physiological hunger thereby mitigating stressinduced hyperphagia. Future research directions should incorporate advanced methodologies including genomic profiling and virtual reality-based interventions to facilitate the translation of MEI from theoretical frameworks to clinical applications thereby offering comprehensive interdisciplinary solutions for the prevention and treatment of obesity.