肿瘤恶液质是以肿瘤患者骨骼、内脏的肌肉消耗为特征，伴或不伴有食欲减退、厌食、饱胀感、体重下降、肌肉萎缩、乏力、贫血、水肿、低蛋白血症等一系列临床并发症。肿瘤恶液质的存在使患者的抗肿瘤治疗难以进行，影响患者生存；同时临床并发症的出现也严重影响了患者的生活质量。临床中，肿瘤患者恶液质的发病率高，死亡率高，而且一旦进入恶液质期难以逆转。因此早期发现、早期干预才能改善体重、防止肌肉丢失、减轻恶液质的相关症状，以达到提高生活质量、延长生存、改善预后的治疗目的。本文以肿瘤恶液质的定义为基础，从三大营养物质的代谢改变出发，总结了目前关于肿瘤恶液质可能的发病机制，进而阐述了肿瘤恶液质的筛查与评定及诊断要点，综述了对应的治疗策略及方法，包括营养干预、运动干预、心理干预及其他药物干预等，并对未来肿瘤恶液质多学科规范化诊疗进行了展望，期望通过多学科诊疗（MDT）的模式，能为肿瘤恶液质患者的早诊早治、延长生存、改善预后提供新的理念，创建新的平台。

The cachexia of tumor patient is characterized by skeletal and visceral muscle consumption in cancer patients. It is accompanied or not accompanied by loss of appetite, anorexia, feeling of fullness, weight loss, muscular atrophy, fatigue, anemia, edema, hypoproteinemia and a series of clinical complications. The existence of tumor cachexia makes it difficult for patients to carry out anti-tumor therapy and reduces the survival of patients. Meanwhile, the appearance of clinical complications also seriously reduces the quality of life of them. The morbidity and the mortality of cachexia in tumor patients is high, and it is difficult toreverse once entering the period of cachexia in clinical. Therefore, it can be improved the weight and reduced the muscle loss, alleviated the symptoms of cachexia, improved the quality of life, prolonged the survival and improved the prognosis by the early intervention. Based on the definition of tumor cachexia,starting from the metabolic changes of the three major nutrients, the possible pathogenesis of tumor cachexia is summarized in this manuscript, And then it described the screening, evaluation and diagnosis of tumor cachexia. The treatment strategies and methods are summarized, including nutritional intervention, exercise intervention, psychological intervention and other drug intervention, and so on. The prospect of multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) of tumor cachexia in the future is also discussed. It is expected to provide a new idea and create a new platform for early diagnosis and treatment, prolong survival and improve prognosis of patients with tumor cachexia.