肿瘤恶液质是一种涉及全身多个系统的多因素综合征，表现为患者正在丢失骨骼肌质量，而传统营养治疗不能完全逆转，继而引起功能损伤的持续恶化，最终导致体重、免疫功能及抗肿瘤治疗耐受性下降，是肿瘤患者常见并发症和致死的主要原因。同时，当肿瘤患者在接受放化疗等积极治疗时，因其治疗具有一定的创伤性，所以治疗相关并发症的发生风险很高，常常导致患者耐受性降低，依从性下降，进而影响患者的后续治疗，更严重者甚至危及患者的生命。由此可见，恶液质及肿瘤治疗相关并发症是目前困扰肿瘤治疗的两大难题，如何尽早诊断恶液质、监测恶液质的进程以及预测肿瘤治疗相关并发症已经成为目前亟待解决的问题。众所周知，生物标记物的测定可以获知机体当前所处的生物学过程中的进程，其以准确、敏感以及低水平的损害等特点在这方面有着独特的优势，目前针对肿瘤恶液质及治疗相关并发症的生物标记物已得到人们的初步认识，这将有助于有效的防止肿瘤恶液质的发生及调整肿瘤治疗方案。

Cancer cachexia is a multifactor syndrome involving multiple systems in the whole body. It is manifested in the loss of skeletal muscle mass, while traditional nutritional support can not be completely reversed, which leads to continuous deterioration of functional damage, resulting in loss of weight, immune function and resistance to cancer treatment, which is a common complication of cancer patients and the main cause of death. At the same time, when the cancer patients receive active treatment such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and others, the treatment has a certain traumatic effect, so the risk of the treatment
related complications is very high, which often leads to a decline in patient tolerance and compliance, which will affect the follow-up treatment, and even more serious may endanger the life of patients. Thus it can be seen, carcinemia and cancer treatment related complications are the two major problems that currently plaguing cancer treatment.It is highly demanded that cachexia be diagnosed, its progression be monitored and the complications of cancer treatment be predicted timely at present. As we all know, the determination of biomarkers can be used to understand the biological processes in the body, so biomarkers have unique advantages in identifying accurate, sensitive and low levels of damage. Moreover, the recognition of biomarkers’ significance in carcinemia and
its treatment related complications could facilitate the prevention of carcinemia and the adjustment of cancer treatment programs effectively.