Objective  To explore the correlation of self-efficacy and perceived social support status of patients with esophageal cancer during the concurrent chemoradiation. Methods  216 subjects with esophageal cancer were selected as study populations in department of stomatology, Beijing rehabilitation hospital affiliated to capital medical university. Apply the general self-efficacy scale, understanding social support scale, and general information questionnaire investigation to evaluate. Results Patients with esophageal cancer during the concurrent chemoradiation self-efficacy overall score was (25.94±5.28). The age is greater, monthly income >5000 yuan, have health care, diagnosis duration is 6 to 10 years, has a history of treatment of patients with higher self-efficacy level (P<0.05). The score of perceived social support was (61.67±10.86), in the family support was (23.46±3.91) and family support was (38.09±8.90) points; The age is greater, ethnic minorities, higher level cultural, live in cities, professional for medical staff, monthly income >5000 yuan, have health insurance, diagnosis duration is less than 6 years have the higher level for understanding social support (P<0.05). Patients self-efficacy and perceived social support and each dimension has significantly positive correlation (P<0.01). In addition, our study found that the complete response, partial response of self-efficacy, understanding social support score, family support and family support scores were significantly higher than partial stability, disease progression, difference between statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusions  the subjects have the higher level for the self-efficacy and perceived social support in patients with esophageal cancer during the concurrent chemoradiation, The perceived social support is higher in patients, the self-efficacy is higher.