Weight loss and management in cancer patients

Chen Yibo; Xie Hailun; Xu Nuo; Zhong Pei; Wang Shuyao; Xu Changhong; Lin Siyu; Shi Hanping

doi:10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.02.018

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Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2) : 310-319. DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.02.018

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Weight loss and management in cancer patients

¹Chen Yibo, ¹Xie Hailun, ¹Xu Nuo, ¹Zhong Pei, ¹Wang Shuyao, ¹Xu Changhong, ¹Lin Siyu, ¹Shi Hanping

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Abstract

Weight loss in patients with cancer is a major manifestation of cancer-related malnutrition and cachexia. It runs through the entire course of diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation, and is closely associated with reduced treatment tolerance, impaired quality of life, and shortened survival. This article reviews the clinical definition, underlying mechanisms, assessment methods, and management strategies of weight loss in cancer patients. First, from a clinical perspective, it outlines the significance of identifying unintentional weight loss, as well as disease-related and treatment-related driving factors. Second, it systematically summarizes the imbalance in inflammation, metabolism, and appetite regulation, alterations in the gut microbiota, and the catabolic remodeling of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, together with the specific mechanisms associated with different tumor types and treatment modalities, emphasizing that cancer-related weight loss is essentially a vicious cycle driven by multiple interrelated pathways. Furthermore, by integrating screening tools, body composition assessment, functional evaluation, and laboratory indicators, this review illustrates a clinical assessment pathway from nutritional risk identification to multidimensional phenotypic stratification. In terms of management, it summarizes a comprehensive, whole-course care model based on nutritional therapy and combined with exercise rehabilitation, pharmacological intervention, symptom control, psychological support, and multidisciplinary collaboration. Overall, the management of weight loss in cancer patients should emphasize early screening, early assessment, early intervention, and individualized decision-making, so as to improve nutritional status and functional reserve while enhancing treatment completion and clinical outcomes. Future efforts should focus on refining screening and stratification tools, strengthening high-quality clinical evidence, and promoting the development of precise and continuous management strategies.

Key words

Cancer / Weight loss / Cachexia / Nutritional therapy / Exercise rehabilitation / Pharmacological treatment / Multidisciplinary management / Body composition

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Chen Yibo, Xie Hailun, Xu Nuo, Zhong Pei, Wang Shuyao, Xu Changhong, Lin Siyu, Shi Hanping. Weight loss and management in cancer patients[J]. Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer. 2026, 13(2): 310-319 https://doi.org/10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.02.018

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