Regulation of metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment

YE Ling; ZHANG Hua-feng; LI Shi-ting

doi:10.16689/j.cnki.cn11－9349/r.2019.04.003

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Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer ›› 2019, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (4) : 401-408. DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11－9349/r.2019.04.003

Regulation of metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment

YE Ling, ZHANG Hua-feng, LI Shi-ting

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Abstract

The occurrence, growth and metastasis of tumors are associated with its microenvironment. Cancer cells are surrounded by different kinds of cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells. These cells establish a defensive microenvironment against tumors under the condition of hypoxia or nutrient deprivation. Under this complicated microenvironment, cancer cells reprogram their metabolic signatures to resist the killing function of immune cells. In this paper, we describe the regulation of metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells in two perspectives. On the one hand, in addition to traditional nutrients, tumor cells can acquire and utilize other nutrients in a special way to support rapid and unrestricted proliferation, such as lactic acid, ketone bodies, acetic acid, and branched-chain amino acids. These substances also play a vital role in the development of tumors. On the other hand, cancer cells can affect and regulate the surrounding immune cells and fibroblasts through metabolic changes under the lack of oxygen and nutrition. Cancer-associated fibroblasts can provide a variety of nutrients or growth factors to regulate the metabolism, meanwhile multiple metabolites from cancer cells inhibit the normal functions and the anti-tumor effects of surrounding immune cells. Ultimately, the microenvironment is transformed to be favorable for proliferation and development of tumors.

Key words

Cancer / Metabolic reprogramming / Microenvironment / Cancer-associated fibroblasts / Immune cells

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YE Ling, ZHANG Hua-feng, LI Shi-ting. Regulation of metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment[J]. Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer. 2019, 6(4): 401-408 https://doi.org/10.16689/j.cnki.cn11－9349/r.2019.04.003

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