As a fundamental care for patients, nutrition therapy should be and could be evaluated. Traditionally, plasma albumin level and body weight were the only two parameters assessing efficacy of nutrition therapy. Being an integrative treatment, functioning nutrition therapy impacts on patient’s physical, psychological, behavior, function, structure and disease lesion, besides nutrition status. Therefore, its therapeutic role should thus be evaluated comprehensively. This paper proposes to evaluate efficacy of nutrition from following aspects, nutrition knowledge-attitude-practice, food & feeding, nutritional status, anthropometry, body composition, physical performance and health status score, laboratory, psychological and quality of life. Additionally, cancer volume, biomarkers, metabolic activity and survival time should be specifically investigated for cancer patients. Due to the time difference of response, different parameters should be monitored in different time before nutrition, during nutrition and after nutrition dynamically.