Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. The morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors in China are the 5th and 4th places respectively, and they are increasing year by year. Nutritional support plays an important role in patients with esophageal cancer. Due to factors such as obstruction, difficulty in swallowing, tumor consumption, esophageal cancer patients can easily lead to insufficient intake of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals and fluid, and thus cause malnutrition situation even worse. Malnutrition increases the incidence of postoperative complications, which affects postoperative rehabilitation and follow-up treatment. The proper use of nutritional support is an important component of surgeons and medical oncologists. Oncologists should be aware that patients with esophageal cancer are at high risk for complications related to malnutrition. While overweight and obesity clearly increase the risk of surgical complications, weight loss is not only associated with the risks of surgery, but also with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and comprehensive treatment compliance. This eventually turns out to be lower recovery rates and cure rates. Oral nutrition supplement is a simple procedure which needs work closely with nutrition experts. Tube feeding, with the use of commercial formulations, provides adequate macro and trace elements for patients who are not suitable for oral nutrition supplements. In the context of perioperative nutritional support, PEG should be limited because it has been widely used in various fields, especially in gastrointestinal tumors. Full use of EN or PN can reduce the incidence of complications and can shorten hospital stay.