Objective To explore the predictive value of body mass index (BMI) for the occurrence of intracranial infection in patients with glioma, and to provide a reference of the diagnosis and treatment for patients with glioma. Methods To investigate and collect the clinical data of 128 patients who underwent glioma resection from January 2016 to December 2018 in the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. The patients were divided into intracranial infection group and control group based on the incidence of postoperative intracranial infection. The differences in general conditions, important surgical events, and main postoperative outcome indicators between the two groups of patients were analyzed, and the independent risk factors for intracranial infection after glioma were analyzed. Chi-square test or Logistics regression analysis. Results There were 33 patients with postoperative intracranial infection, and the cumulative infection rate was 25.78%. Among them, BMI<18.5 kg/m2 (63.64%), 18.5 kg/m2 <25.9 kg/m2 (18.56%), BMI>26 kg/m2（38.10%）. Univariate analysis showed that the history of diabetes, intraoperative blood loss more than 300 ml, operation time more than 4 h, and BMI<18.5 kg/m2 or BMI>26 kg/m2 were associated with the occurrence of postoperative intracranial infection (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that operation time more than 4 h and BMI<18.5 kg/m2 or BMI>26 kg/m2 were independently associated with intracranial infection in patients with glioma (P<0.05). Conclusion BMI has a certain predictive value for the occurrence of postoperative intracranial infection in patients with glioma. When the patient with BMI<18.5 kg/m2 or BMI>26 kg/m2, more attention should be given to prevent the occurrence of postoperative intracranial infection.