Objective To investigate the effects of enteral nutrition on weight, nutritional status, adverse reactions, anxiety, sleep quality and doctor⁃patient satisfaction in patients with rectal cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods Patients with rectal cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy were randomly divided into study group (chemoradiotherapy combined with enteral nutrition group) and control group (chemoradiotherapy group). Secondary study endpoints included comparison of adverse reactions and treatment completion rates, comparison of patients′ anxiety level, sleep quality, and doctor⁃patient relationship satisfaction, using 2 and t tests. Results From March 2019 to March 2020, 42 patients were included from Chengdu Seventh People′s Hospital in the study group and the control group.The weight loss of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05). The decrease of hemoglobin, lymphocyte count, serum albumin and serum prealbumin in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).The incidence of ≥Ⅲ° bone marrow suppression and anxiety in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the quality of sleep and satisfaction of doctor⁃patient relationship in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of ≥Ⅱ° radioactive proctitis (P>0.05). Conclusion Enteral nutrition can help maintain the weight of patients with rectal cancer after concurrent chemorradiotherapy and chemotherapy, improve the nutritional status, reduce the incidence of bone marrow suppression, improve patients′ sleep quality and doctor⁃patient relationship satisfaction, and reduce patients′ anxiety, which is worthy of clinical promotion.