Sarcopenia is a progressive and widespread decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength, as well as the resulting decline in physical fitness, quality of life, and death. There are two types of sarcopenia, primary and secondary sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is closely related to dysactivity, falls, low bone density and metabolic disorders. It has a high incidence and a wide range of adverse results. The quality of life of patients with sarcopenia decreases, which brings a heavy economic burden to individuals and families, and even serious adverse effects on social public health. However, sarcopenia is often underdiagnosed in clinical practice. In recent years, based on the research on the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, a variety of potential biomarkers have been proposed, such as myostatin, circulating C⁃terminal aggregate protein fragments and type Ⅲ procollagen N⁃terminal peptides, etc., which are usually related to specific pathogenic mechanisms and/or phenotypes. Effective biomarkers can promote the early diagnosis and prognosis of sarcopenia, and analyze the severity of the disease, and the effect of treatment is evaluated, but there is currently no effective biomarker standard. This article focuses on the recent advances in biomarkers of sarcopenia that have received high attention at home and abroad, and provide a reference for the improvement of patients with sarcopenia. It will provide a theoretical basis to help many clinicians reasonably evaluate the patient's sarcopenia status and take appropriate intervention measures to solve the troubles.