The incidence of malnutrition in surgical patients is high. Perioperative fasting and water restriction, invasive operation, surgical strike, long⁃term bed rest and other factors will lead to increased catabolism, intensified inflammatory response, imbalance of protein homeostasis, thus aggravate malnutrition. Malnutrition not only affects the clinical decision of surgical treatment, but also increases the incidence of complications and mortality, reduces the quality of life, and affects the clinical outcomes. Reasonable, effective, and standard surgical nutritional therapy can improve the energy balance, increase physiological reserve, and speed up postoperative recovery. Surgeons' understanding of nutritional therapy is not sufficient nowadays, and there exists the phenomenon of underapplication and overapplication. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish the standard of surgical nutritional therapy. This standard aims to establish a standardized management system of surgical nutrition, promote the rational application of surgical nutrition therapy, which is of great significance in preventing and treating malnutrition, maintaining medical safety of patients, improving the quality of life of patients, and saving medical costs. It is hoped that this standard can provide theoretical guidance for surgical nutrition treatment and contribute to the improvement of clinical nutrition and the acceleration of the development of enhanced recovery after surgery in China.