Objective To explore the risk factors and therapeutic effects of concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Method A total of 500 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated and treated with radical resection in Nanjing Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2019 to March 2021 were selected. According to the occurrence of radiation enteritis during the same period of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, they were divided into radiation enteritis group and control group. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis were used to determine the influence factors of concurrent chemoradiation radioactive enteritis of the cervical squamous carcinoma patients during the same period. The patients in the radiation enteritis group were given personalized bladder filling training, traditional Chinese medicine retention enema nursing, rational radiotherapy program, psychological nursing and health education and other nursing interventions. To calculate the nursing clinical efficacy of patients with radiation enteritis, and to compare the proportion of patients with radiation enteritis symptom severity≥2 grade before and after nursing intervention. Result 225 cases had radiation enteritis, and the incidence rate was 45%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that≥60 years old (OR=7.253, 95%CI=3.294-15.970), stage Ⅲ tumor (OR=38.705, 95%CI=12.546-119.410), tumor diameter≥4 cm (OR=11.669, 95%CI=4.868-27.970), average radiation dose≥60 Gy (OR=40.223, 95%CI=14.460-111.883) were risk factors for the occurrence of radiation enteritis during concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and good nutrition (OR=2.474, 95%CI=1.108-5.527) was a protective factor for the occurrence of radiation enteritis. The therapeutic effect of radiation enteritis in 225 patients was 94.67%. Compared with before intervention, the proportion of symptom severity≥2 grade in 225 patients with radiation enteritis significantly decreased after intervention, 69.33% and 32.00% (P<0.05). Conclusion Age≥60 years, tumor stage Ⅲ, tumor diameter≥4 cm, average radiation dose≥60 Gy are the risk factors for the occurrence of radiation enteritis in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma during concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Good nutrition is a protective factor, and the patients with the above risk factors should be targeted for prevention and intervention.