Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial chronic wasting metabolic syndrome characterized by unplanned weight loss local or systemic inflammation and progressive muscle wasting which has a strong impact on patients􀆶 physical and mental health and the quality of life. And it is also one of the main causes of cancer deaths among cancer patients. The pathogenic mechanism of cancer cachexia is complicated. Now as people attach importance to the pathogenic mechanism of cancer cachexia there has been lots of studies that have proved the potential links between cancer cachexia and gut microbiota. The muscle-gut axis and the microbiota-brain-gut axis may play an important role in the links. Probiotic and prebiotic therapies have been proved effective on animal models. And fecal microbiota transplantation is also a potential method to cure cancer cachexia . In this article we foucs on the links between gut microbiota and the pathogenic mechanism of cancer cachexia. We also discuss the therapies about gut microbiota and these findings suggest that gut microbiota represents a therapeutic target in cancer cachexia. Finally we explore the shortcomings and the prospects in this research field . With further research we may know more about the specific relationship between cancer cachexia and gut microbiota and offer more effective treatment recommendations.