Tumor is a kind of malignant wasting disease which seriously threatens human life and health. Its incidence and mortality are increasing year by year. There are complex factors affecting the occurrence and development of tumors among which diet is the main preventable factor and its potential role cannot be ignored. Diet has both pro - inflammatory and anti - inflammatory properties. Long-term chronic inflammation caused by irrational diet is closely related to tumor and reduces the therapeutic effect of tumor. Scientific and reasonable diet can improve the chronic inflammation state of the body change the tumor microenvironment so as to achieve the role of preventing tumor occurrence and promoting the recovery of patients. It is of positive significance for scientific research and clinical prevention and treatment to objectively evaluate the inflammatory effect of diet on the body. Dietary inflammation index DII is a new method to evaluate individual dietary inflammatory potential which is objective convenient and reproducible. In recent years many studies have explored the relationship between DII and various tumors. This consensus using DII as the research tool summarizes the relationship between pro - inflammatory diet and the incidence of various types of tumors and proposes an anti-inflammatory dietary model for cancer prevention and treatment so as to provide prevention and adjuvant treatment strategies for cancer patients from the perspective of anti-inflammatory diet. To promote scientific and healthy eating behavior encourage residents to adjust the dietary structure and provide a new strategy for nutritional treatment of cancer patients.