Tumors are identified as key factors in secondary sarcopenia. Despite the ambiguity surrounding the precise mechanism of sarcopenia in cancer patients an increasing array of research indicates that an imbalance in the gut microbiota may play a critical role in this context. These microorganisms which influence energy metabolism and intestinal mucosal protection via the nervous immune and endocrine systems may provide potential targets for sarcopenia's prevention and treatment in cancer patients. Current interventions include fecal bacteria transplantation the introduction of probiotics prebiotics symbiotics or postbiotics and modifications in diet. Despite some research limitations gut microbiota intervention is emerging as a new strategy to maintain muscle mass and function by enhancing immunity regulating metabolism and reducing treatment side effects. This paper analyzes existing studies reviews the relationship between intestinal microbiota intervention and sarcopenia in cancer patients outlines intervention effects and provides directions for future research and treatment options. The available evidence strongly supports the potential role of gut microbiota in treating and caring for cancer patients.