Objective To explore the effect of nutrition pre-rehabilitation on the clinical prognosis of elderly patients undergoing abdominal tumor surgery. Method A retrospective study was conducted. Participants were divided into two groups according to whether they received oral nutritional supplementation at the first outpatient visit. The nutrition pre - rehabilitation group n = 40 adopted nutritional pre- rehabilitation mode while the control group n = 53 was treated with routine care - mode. All patients underwent laparoscopic surgery according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. The changes of nutritional status complications psychological status hospitalization days and expenditures were compared between the two groups. Result The weight of the two groups were decreased while the index of the nutrition pre-rehabilitation group was better than the control group -1. 88±0. 92 kg vs -2. 56± 0. 70 kg P<0. 01 . Yet it is not suitable for the index of serum total protein serum albumin and serum prealbumin P>0. 05 . In addition the infection rate of pre-rehabilitation group was lower than that of control group 15. 00% vs 35. 85% P = 0. 03 and there was no difference in intraoperative bleeding p=0. 19 . At discharge the pre-rehabilitation group had significantly fewer hospitalization days 13. 0 11. 0 17. 8 days vs 15. 0 14. 0 19. 0 days P=0. 034 and expenditures 59 300 48 600 68 800 yuan vs 66 500 54 400 75 800 yuan P=0. 028 . Conclusion In elderly patients undergoing abdominal tumor surgery nutrition pre-rehabilitation model may help to maintain better nutritional status. In addition it may also reduce infection rate and expenditures as well as shorten hospitalization days.