Objective Analyze the psychological experience and real needs of cancer patients undergoing home rehabilitation exercise during chemotherapy intervals. Method Collect data from August 2022 to October 2022 at Nantong Cancer Hospital tumor patients who undergo multiple rounds of chemotherapy. Phenomenological research method was used to conduct qualitative research and in-depth interviews were conducted on 27 cancer patients who had undergone multiple chemotherapy through semi-structured interviews. Colaizzi analysis method was used to analyze sort out summarize and summarize the interview contents. Result The results showed that the home rehabilitation exercise for cancer patients during the chemotherapy interval mainly summarized six themes positive and negative emotions are present in patients with home rehabilitation exercises patients' misconceptions about rehabilitation exercise disease symptoms hindering home rehabilitation exercise high self-efficacy promoting home rehabilitation exercise the level of social support has an impact on the patient's rehabilitation exercise and patients' strong willingness to seek support. Conclusion Cancer patients have different cognition of rehabilitation exercise during the interval of chemotherapy at home and medical staffs pay little attention to the status of rehabilitation exercise during the interval of chemotherapy at home. Medical staff should strengthen related health education to improve the cognition level of rehabilitation exercise of patients and their families.