Gliomas are the most common brain tumors accounting for 80% of malignant brain tumors of which glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive type of glioma and is one of the refractory tumors in the world. At present the main treatment for glioblastoma is surgery which has great side effects easy recurrence and low survival rate. Therefore seeking more potential biomarkers and improving survival rate remain important challenges in glioma research. There is growing evidence that the intratumoral and gut microbiome play an important role in glioma progression and treatment response and that specific microbiome is associated with different stages of tumor progression. In the meantime the interactions and mechanisms between the metabolites and the central nervous system have received extensive attention. However the correlation between the microbiome metabolites and glioma remains unclear. This review focuses on the relationship between the glioma intratumoral microbiome intestinal microbiome and their metabolites such as amino acids including tryptophan arginine glutamate short-chain fatty acids neurotransmitters. And the improvement effect of probiotics on glioma was summarized so as to provide relevant basis for early prediction and treatment of glioma based on the microbiome.