Objective To investigate the fear of cancer recurrence FCR 、illness uncertainty and social support in postoperative patients with cervical cancer and to analyze illness uncertainty in FCR and social support. Method From September 2022 to July 2022 a cross sectional survey research a convenience sampling method was used to select 260 postoperative patients with cervical cancer in Hai′an People′s Hospital and Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University as the research objects. The general information questionnaire and the fear of progression questionnaire-short form FoP-Q-SF the disease uncertainty scale MUIS social support rating scale SSRS were used to investigate the patients. Result The majority of cervical cancer survivors have FCR 68. 85% . The scores of FoP -Q-SF、MUIS and SSRS in postoperative patients with cervical cancer were 37. 08± 6. 01 points 79. 86± 11. 21 points 40. 83 ± 10. 94 points. FCR and MUIS was significantly negatively associated with social support FCR was significantly positively associated with uncertainty in illness P< 0. 01 . Moreover uncertainty in illness was found to mediate the relationship between social support and FCR the indirect effect-0. 189 and the mediating effect accounted for 47. 97%. Conclusion The FCR level of postoperative patients with cervical cancer is high and good social support can directly mitigate FCR while illness uncertainty can play a mediation role between social support and FCR. Clinicians should conducted to explore effective interventions for social support and IU to ultimately mitigate FCR in cervical cancer survivors