Globally tumor is the second most common cause of death. Cancer accounted for around one in six fatalities globally in 2020. The most prevalent malignancies are those of the breast lungs colon rectal and prostate. An estimated one - third of tumor-related deaths are thought to be related to smoking drinking being obese eating a poor diet and not exercising. The World Health Organization estimates that 30%-50% of tumor cases could be prevented through measures such as healthy eating habits and avoidance of key risk factors. Certain components of food have an important impact on the multiple pathways of tumor development and progression. Thus research is being done on the relationship between diet and a range of tumors as well as how diet can both prevent tumor and enhance the prognosis of tumor patients. At the same time diets are combinations of multiple components and dietary patterns allow for a holistic assessment of diet quality that better takes into account the cumulative effects and complex interactions between dietary components. In addition to reviewing recent cohort studies on the impact of different dietary patterns on tumor this article also examines research on the metabolomics of different dietary components and offers insights into the possible connections between different dietary patterns and tumor. Among the more widely advised healthy eating patterns are the Mediterranean diet dietary approaches to stop hypertension and a healthful plant-based diet. Dietary components and quality are crucial for good health. The impact of various dietary patterns on tumor in Asian populations requires more research. In order to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of tumor this article reviews the effects of various dietary patterns on the development of tumor and their potential mechanisms such as the Mediterranean diet the western diet the plant-based diet dietary approaches to stop hypertension and the low-carb diet.