PPN 是指经外周静脉途径给予的肠外营养治疗，是全肠外营养治疗及部分肠外营养治疗的方式之一。虽然PPN 应用时间最长，研究者对PPN 应用相关的一些临床问题仍存在不同看法及意见，如PPN 的适应证、给予时间、渗透压、 在老年患者及儿科患者的应用等，仍需进一步的临床试验研究。PPN 可用于无法行肠内营养治疗或肠内营养治疗不足，无 法行中心静脉置管及短期、较低热卡、较低氮量患者的肠外营养治疗。PPN 具有能够较快建立静脉通道进行营养液输注、 所需费用较中心静脉途径低、避免中心静脉途径所致的导管相关性血行感染等优势。许多临床试验及研究者证实了 PPN 对 于围手术期患者是安全、有效的。渗透压较低的肠外营养制剂可安全用于 PPN 的观点已广为临床接受。脂肪乳剂渗透压较 低，可有效降低氨基酸、葡萄糖的渗透压，加入脂肪乳剂有利于PPN 的应用。PPN 的并发症相对于经中心静脉肠外营养治 疗的并发症少，对机体损伤程度轻，其最主要的并发症为血栓性周围静脉炎及液体外渗。PPN 应用时应注意营养液的渗透 压不要过高，应加入脂肪乳剂，同时要根据患者营养状况及病情需要，尽量减少PPN 应用时间，避免长时间应用。在 PPN 期间，应每日对穿刺、输注部位进行观察、检测，及时发现血栓性静脉炎的症状及体征并及时处理。

PPN is one of the methods belongs to total parenteral nutrition and partial parenteral nutrition, mainly through peripheral veins to provide nutritional support. Although PPN has long history in clinics, there still have various viewpoints to many researchers, such as indications of PPN, reasonable periods of PPN applying, appropriate osmotic pressure and applying in geriatric patients and children. PPN is suitable for situation such as enteral nutrition couldn’t be established or insufficient enteral nutrition, central vein route couldn’t be established, parenteral nutrition with short time , low calorie and low nitrogen. PPN has the advantages of establishing infusion route of nutrition rapidly, costless than deep vein route, avoiding catheter related blood stream infection. Many researchers validated that PPN was safe and efficient during the period of perioperation. It has been accepted that osmotic pressure of parenteral nutrition was low and could be used in PPN. Fat emulsion had low osmotic pressure and could also lower the osmotic pressure of amino acid and dextrose, so it was benefit for PPN adding fat emulsion to parenteral nutrition. The incidence of complication was less for PPN than that of central vein route and had minimal damage to the body. The major complication relating to PPN are thrombotic phlebitis and leakage of fluid. It should be noticed that osmotic pressure should not be high at the time of PPN, the fat emulsion should be added in parenteral nutrition, according to the patients’ nutritional status and illness, applying duration of PPN should be shorten. Detection should be in progress regularly on the site of puncture during PPN to find the signs and symptoms of thrombophlebitis and processed in time.