近年来，身体组分和肿瘤患者临床结局之间的关系越来越受到关注，身体组分相关术语（如肌肉减少症，肥胖， 少肌性肥胖等）也逐渐被大家接受并得到广泛应用。少肌性肥胖定义为肌肉减少症（瘦体组织减少）和肥胖（脂肪组织增加）同时存在。现有临床研究表明少肌性肥胖和肿瘤患者的发生、发展和预后密切相关，及早干预可以改善肿瘤患者的临床结局。但目前国内外的研究尚少且认识有限。为了增加对肿瘤患者少肌性肥胖的认识从而更好的指导临床工作。本文综合了国内外关于少肌性肥胖和肿瘤患者不良临床结局关系的研究进展，对具有少肌性肥胖的肿瘤患者的诊断，发生现状以及和临床结局的相关性进行了综述及分析。表明少肌性肥胖的肿瘤患者具有更高的剂量限制毒性、术后并发症率及更差的总生存。少肌性肥胖应受到大家的重视。

There have been increasing studies regarding the influence of body composition on oncological patient outcomes. Terms such as sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenia obesity have been used widely in present studies about clinical outcomes of oncological patients. Sarcopenia obesity, defined as the concurrence of sarcopenia and obesity, remained unclear in oncological patients. Recent researches have demonstrated that sarcopenia obesity is associated with the occurrence, development and prognosis of carcinoma. Early diagnosis and effective therapy can improve oncological patients’ clinical outcomes. As a consequence, further understanding of sarcopenia obesity is critical to direct better clinical work. This review described the relationship between sarcopenia obesity and adverse clinical outcomes in oncological patient. Of note, oncological patients with sarcopenia obesity tend to be with higher dose-limited toxicity, higher surgical complications and lower overall survival. More attention should been paid on sarcopenia obesity in these patients.