微量元素是人体代谢中不可或缺的重要营养素,其摄入量相对较少,但对于维持人体正常生理功能至关重要。 许 多接受营养治疗的患者,由于各种原因出现不同程度的微量元素的缺乏,导致疾病进展并影响临床结局。 肿瘤是全球范围内 的主要致死原因之一,对人类健康构成重大威胁。 近年来,硒(Se)作为一种必需微量元素在肿瘤防治中的作用引起了广泛关 注。 研究表明,适当的硒摄入可以降低某些类型肿瘤的发病风险,并在提高化疗和放疗效果、减少治疗不良反应方面显示出 巨大潜力。 硒通过其抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节特性,在抗肿瘤过程中发挥重要作用。 具体机制包括增强抗氧化酶活性、诱导 细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤血管生成以及调节免疫系统。 硒在多靶点作用、不良反应、成本效益等方面相较于传统抗肿瘤药物具有 显著优势。 此外,硒补充在减少化疗和放疗引起的毒性反应方面也表现出良好的效果。 本文旨在综述硒在肿瘤防治中的应 用进展,分析其在化疗、放疗和免疫治疗中的辅助作用,为临床实践提供新的思路,改善肿瘤患者的治疗效果和生活质量。

Trace elements are important and indispensable nutrients in human metabolism and their intake is relatively small but they are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions of the human body. Many patients receiving nutritional therapy have varying degrees of trace element deficiency due to various reasons leading to disease progression and affecting clinical outcomes. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and poses a major threat to human health. In recent years the role of selenium as an essential trace element in the prevention and treatment of cancer has attracted much attention. Studies have shown that adequate selenium intake can reduce the risk of some types of cancer and has shown significant potential in improving the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy and reducing the side effects of treatment. Selenium plays an important role in anti-tumor processes through its antioxidant anti - inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The specific mechanisms include enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes inducing apoptosis inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and regulating the immune system. Compared with traditional anticancer drugs selenium has significant advantages in multi - target action low toxicity and side effects and cost - effectiveness. In addition selenium supplementation has shown promising effects in reducing toxic reactions caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This article reviews the application progress of selenium in the prevention and treatment of tumors and analyzes its auxiliary role in chemotherapy radiotherapy and immunotherapy in order to provide new ideas for clinical practice and improve the treatment effect and quality of life of cancer patients.