氯化钠是维持人体正常生理功能的必需元素,是盐的主要成分。 当每日盐摄入量超过 6 g 时,即高盐饮食 (HSD),会对健康产生多种负面影响。 大量流行病学研究揭示了 HSD 诱发的炎症状态与多种肿瘤的发生、发展之间存在密切 联系。 尽管如此,近期研究发现盐在抗肿瘤治疗领域展现出令人瞩目的潜力:盐具有在细胞间质和肿瘤微环境中积聚的特 性,能够调控免疫细胞的分化与激活,从而增强抗肿瘤免疫反应。 此外,高盐引起的高渗环境还可直接对肿瘤细胞产生杀伤 作用。 作为一种安全且低成本的潜在治疗手段,如何避免过量摄入膳食盐对健康的负面影响,同时充分利用其免疫调节和升 高渗透压等特性用于抗肿瘤治疗,成为当前研究的焦点。 为了更精准地发挥高盐的抗肿瘤作用,本综述将深入阐述高盐在肿 瘤发生发展过程中发挥双重作用的具体机制。 通过全面分析高盐的作用机制,本文旨在为高盐在肿瘤临床诊疗中的应用提 供理论基础和新的思路,为未来的抗肿瘤策略开辟新的方向。

Sodium chloride is an essential element for maintaining normal physiological functions in the human body. The main component of salt is sodium chloride. However when daily salt intake exceeds 6 grams defined as a high salt diet HSD it can lead to various adverse health effects. Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed a close association between HSD - induced inflammatory states and the occurrence and progression of various tumors. Nonetheless recent research has uncovered promising potential for salt in the field of anti-tumor therapy. Salt can accumulate in the interstitial and tumor microenvironments regulating the differentiation and activation of immune cells thereby enhancing anti - tumor immune responses. Additionally the hypertonic environment induced by high sodium levels can directly exert cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. As a safe and cost-effective potential therapeutic approach the challenge lies in avoiding adverse health effects caused by excessive dietary salt while leveraging its immunomodulatory and hyperosmotic properties for anti-tumor treatment. This review aims to elucidate the dual mechanisms by which high salt exerts its effects during tumor development and progression. By comprehensively analyzing these mechanisms we intend to provide a theoretical foundation and novel insights for the clinical application of high salt in cancer therapy paving the way for future anti-tumor strategies.