目的 探索乳腺癌患者化疗期间症状及症状群组成,为乳腺癌患者化疗期间症状管理提供依据。 方法 选取 2023 年 5 月至 2024 年 8 月中国科学院合肥肿瘤医院收治的 210 例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,采用基本信息调查问卷、中文版记忆症 状评估量表分别在首次化疗周期(T1 ),第 2 个周期化疗(T2 )、第 3 个周期化疗(T3 )、最后 1 个周期化疗(T4 )进行问卷调查。 提取症状群使用探索性因子分析。 结果 初始有 210 例乳腺癌患者符合纳入标准。 在 T1 、T2 、T3 、T4 时间节点中,分别有 210、 205、199、192 例乳腺癌患者参与随访。 T1 、T2 、T3 、T4 各时间节点的症状数分别为 9(6,14)、11(7,16)、12(8,18)、11(6,16)个。 T1 、T2 、T3 、T4 各时间节点发生率大于 20%的症状数目分别为 15、20、20、16 个。 在 T1 时间节点提取 3 个常见因素,包括胃肠道 症状群、情绪心理症状群和绝经症状群。 在 T2 和 T3 时间节点均提取 5 个常见因素,包括胃肠道症状群、情绪和心理症状群、 神经症状群、绝经期症状群、自我形象障碍症状群。 在 T4 时间节点提取 4 个常见因素,包括胃肠道症状群、情绪和心理症状 群、神经症状群和绝经症状群。 结论 接受辅助化疗的乳腺癌患者在不同的化疗周期中经历多种症状和不同的症状群。 临床工 作人员应关注乳腺癌患者化疗期间的症状群,并采取相应措施积极进行干预以缓解多种症状,进而降低症状群对患者的影响。

Objective To explore the symptoms and symptom cluster composition during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients and to provide a basis for symptom management during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Method A total of 210 breast cancer patients admitted to Hefei Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences from May 2023 to August 2024 were selected and basic information questionnaire and Chinese version of Memory Symptom Assessment Scale were used to conduct questionnaire surveys in the first cycle of chemotherapy T1 the second cycle of chemotherapy T2 the third cycle of chemotherapy T3 and the last cycle of chemotherapy T4 respectively. Questionnaire symptom clusters were extracted using exploratory factor analysis. Result Initially 210 breast cancer patients met the inclusion criteria. At the T1 T2 T3 T4 time points 210 205 199 and 192 breast cancer patients participated in the follow-up respectively. The number of symptoms at each time node from T1 to T4 was 9 6 14 11 7 16 12 8 18 and 11 6 16 respectively. The number of symptoms with an incidence rate of greater than 20% at each time node from T1 to T4 was 15 20 20 and 16 respectively. Three common factors were extracted from T1 including gastrointestinal symptom cluster emotional and psychological symptom cluster and menopausal symptom cluster. Five common factors were extracted from T2 to T3 including gastrointestinal symptom cluster emotional and psychological symptom cluster neurological symptom cluster menopausal symptom cluster and self - image disorder symptom cluster. Four common factors were extracted at T4 including gastrointestinal symptom cluster emotional and psychological symptom cluster neurological symptom cluster and menopausal symptom cluster.Conclusion Breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy experience multiple symptoms and different symptom clusters during different cycles of chemotherapy. Clinical staff should pay attention to the symptom clusters of breast cancer patients during chemotherapy and take appropriate measures to actively intervene to alleviate multiple symptoms thereby reducing the impact of symptom clusters on patients.