S100 家族蛋白是一组由 25 个成员组成的小分子钙结合蛋白,在多种肿瘤的发生、发展、转移和预后中具有重要作 用。 近年来,越来越多的研究揭示了 S100 家族蛋白在食管癌中的关键生物学功能及临床意义。 本综述系统总结了部分 S100 家族成员(如 S100A2、S100A4、S100A7、S100A8 / A9、S100A14、S100A16 和 S100B)的表达特征、分子机制及其与食管癌不良预 后的关联。 这些蛋白通过调控多条信号通路(如 PI3K/ AKT、MAPK、NF-κB 等) 影响细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和上皮-间质转 化,同时参与肿瘤微环境的重塑及免疫调控。 S100A2 和 S100A4 与食管癌的不良预后相关,S100A7 通过上调 M2 巨噬细胞相 关蛋白,促进 M2 巨噬细胞浸润和极化,通过增强 p-ErK 和 p-FAK 通路的激活来促进肿瘤血管生成。 而 S100A8 / A9 在食管癌 中表达下调,可能通过调节细胞周期和分化、影响化疗耐药及免疫微环境等方式促进肿瘤进展;S100A14 表达下调则与食管癌 的发生、发展密切相关,可能通过作用于 p53 通路影响细胞侵袭过程,二者均为食管癌潜在的治疗靶点和预后指标。 而 S100A14 的下调和 S100A16 的上调表达会促进食管癌细胞的增殖和侵袭,为探索其在肿瘤发生中的机制提供了新视角。 然 而,S100 家族蛋白在食管癌中的具体作用机制及其与其他分子间的相互作用尚需深入研究。 本综述为部分 S100 家族蛋白在 食管癌中的研究提供了系统性总结,并提出了未来研究的关键方向,为精准医疗和改善食管癌患者预后提供了理论依据。

Some S100 family proteins comprise a group of 25 small molecule calcium-binding proteins that play crucial roles in the occurrence development metastasis and prognosis of various tumors. In recent years an increasing number of studies have elucidated the key biological functions and clinical significance of S100 family proteins in esophageal cancer. This review systematically summarizes the expression characteristics molecular mechanisms and associations with poor prognosis for certain members of the S100 family—specifically S100A2 S100A4 S100A7 S100A8 / A9 S100A14 S100A16 and S100B. These proteins influence cell proliferation migration invasion and epithelial -mesenchymal transition by modulating multiple signaling pathways such as PI3K/ AKT MAPK NF-κB . They also participate in tumor microenvironment remodeling and immune regulation. Notably both S100A2 and S100A4 are linked to poor prognostic outcomes in esophageal cancer. S100A7 enhances M2 macrophage infiltration and polarization through upregulation of M2 macrophage-associated proteins while promoting tumor angiogenesis via activation of p-ErK and p-FAK pathways. The downregulated expression levels of S100A8 / A9 in esophageal cancer may facilitate tumor progression by influencing cell cycle dynamics and differentiation processes as well as impacting chemotherapy resistance and the immune microenvironment. Furthermore the reduced expression of S100A14 is closely associated with the onset and progression of esophageal cancer it may affect cellular invasion processes through modulation of the p53 pathway—both factors representing potential therapeutic targets as well as prognostic indicators for this malignancy. Additionally the downregulation of S100A14 coupled with upregulation of S100A16 can promote proliferation and invasion within esophageal cancer cells offering new insights into its underlying mechanisms during tumorigenesis. However further investigation is required to fully elucidate the specific mechanisms by which these members from the S100 protein family operate within esophageal cancer contexts along with their interactions involving other molecular entities.