目的 构建适合我国国情的鼻咽癌放疗患者营养支持性需求体系,并采用 Kano 分析法明确其需求属性。 方法 采用 文献分析法、半结构式访谈及德尔菲法形成鼻咽癌放疗患者营养支持性需求体系。 于 2023 年 1 月至 12 月对北京大学肿瘤医 院云南医院 180 例鼻咽癌放疗患者进行问卷调查,采用 Kano 分析法明确鼻咽癌放疗患者营养支持性需求属性。 结果 两轮专 家咨询的判断依据系数(Ca)分别为 0. 901、0. 904,对指标的熟悉程度系数(Cs) 分别为 0. 840、0. 845,权威系数(Cr) 分别为 0. 857、0. 868。 最终形成了包含 5 个一级指标、31 个二级指标的鼻咽癌放疗患者营养护理需求指标体系。 在 31 个二级指标 中,Kano 属性分类和二维矩阵分类一致。 其中期望质量(O)的占比最大,有 13 个(41. 9%);必备质量(M)有 10 个(32. 3%); 魅力质量(A)有 6 个(19. 4%);无差异质量(I)有 2 个(6. 4%)。 结论 本研究构建的鼻咽癌放疗患者营养支持性需求体系具 有可靠性和权威性。 Kano 分析鼻咽癌放疗患者营养支持性需求呈现多元化特点,医护人员应积极满足患者的期望和必备属 性的基础上提供并创新魅力属性服务,以改善患者的就医体验。

Objective To construct a nutritional support needs system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy patients that is suitable for China's national conditions and to use the Kano analysis method to clarify their demand attributes. Method Used literature analysis semi- structured interviews and Delphi method to form a nutritional support needs system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy patients. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 180 nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy patients at Peking University Cancer Hospital Yunnan Hospital from January to December 2023. The Kano analysis method was used to clarify the nutritional support needs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy patients. Result The judgment basis coefficients Ca for the two rounds of expert consultation were 0. 901 and 0. 904 respectively. The familiarity coefficients Cs for the indicators were 0. 840 and 0. 845 and the authority coefficients Cr were 0. 857 and 0. 868 respectively. A nutritional care demand indicator system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy patients was ultimately formed which includes 5 primary indicators and 31 secondary indicators. Among the 31 secondary indicators the Kano attribute has the highest proportion of One-dimensional Quality O with 13 41. 9% Must-be Quality M with 10 32. 3% Attractive Quality A with 6 19. 4% and Indifferent Quality I with 2 6. 4% . Conclusion The nutritional support needs system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy patients constructed in this study is reliable and authoritative. Kano's analysis shows that the nutritional support needs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy patients exhibit diversified characteristics. Medical staff should actively meet the expectations and essential attributes of patients and provide and innovate attractive attribute services to improve their medical experience.