肝癌作为全球范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病机制与病毒性肝炎、代谢紊乱、肥胖等因素密切相关。 尽管肝 癌患者经过靶向、免疫、介入等综合治疗后生存率显著提高,但多数患者确诊时已处于中晚期,即使接受根治性治疗,复发率 仍很高,肝癌发生率及死亡率均有待降低。 运动干预正在成为一种具有前景的治疗策略。 运动可降低肝癌患病风险、显著缩 短术后住院时间、增强抗肿瘤治疗疗效、提高患者生活质量并延长生存期。 其在抗癌方面的作用可能涉及多种机制。 运动不 仅可以通过调控肿瘤细胞的内在因素,如生长速度、转移和代谢等来延缓肿瘤的发展进程,还可以通过调控代谢相关通路包 括糖代谢、胰岛素代谢、脂代谢及自噬、影响免疫系统、调节炎症因子等方式来改善或恢复细胞微环境的稳态。 本文旨在探索 运动对肝癌预防与治疗的作用,总结控制肿瘤代谢和全身免疫功能的机制,并提出关于肝癌患者锻炼计划的最新共识。 总而 言之,运动可作为预防和治疗肝癌及其并发症的重要干预措施。

Liver cancer as one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide its pathogenesis is closely related to factors such as viral hepatitis metabolic disorders and obesity. Although the survival rate of liver cancer patients has significantly improved after comprehensive treatments such as targeted therapy immunotherapy and interventional therapy most patients are diagnosed at the middle or advanced stage. Even with radical treatment the recurrence rate is still very high and both the incidence and mortality of liver cancer need to be reduced. Exercise intervention is becoming a promising therapeutic strategy especially. Current research indicates that exercise can reduce the risk of liver cancer significantly shorten the postoperative hospital stay of liver cancer patients enhance the efficacy of anti - tumor treatment improve the quality of life of patients and prolong their survival period. Its role in anti-cancer may involve multiple mechanisms. Exercise can not only slow down the development process of tumor cells by regulating the intrinsic factors of tumor cells such as growth rate metastasis and metabolism but also improve or restore the homeostasis of the cellular microenvironment by regulating metabolism - related pathways including glucose metabolism insulin metabolism lipid metabolism and autophagy influencing the immune system and regulating inflammatory factors. This article aims to explore the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of liver cancer summarize the mechanisms controlling tumor metabolism and systemic immune function and propose the latest consensus on the exercise plan for liver cancer patients. All in all exercise can serve as an important intervention measure for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer and its complications.