合理的营养治疗对改善肿瘤患者的生活质量、减少并发症、降低治疗成本及改善预后具有重要意义。 肿瘤患者因 疾病本身及治疗影响,常面临严重的营养不良问题,但目前临床营养干预率仍有待提高。 2024 年中国学者在肿瘤预防、代谢 干预、营养评估及机制研究等领域取得突破性进展:特定食物(如洋葱、十字花科蔬菜)可显著降低肝癌和胃肠道肿瘤风险;无 丝氨酸/ 甘氨酸饮食能增强免疫治疗效果;补充蛋氨酸可改善肿瘤恶液质导致的肌肉萎缩;肌肉减少性肥胖与肿瘤患者不良 预后密切相关,而高体质指数(BMI)对老年肿瘤患者却具有保护作用。 机制研究进一步揭示了肿瘤细胞通过代谢竞争驱动免 疫逃逸的新机制,为靶向代谢通路的精准治疗提供了理论基础。 未来,人工智能技术将赋能肿瘤营养与代谢研究,推动个体 化精准营养处方设计。 这些高水平研究成果为肿瘤营养治疗提供了重要的循证医学证据,有助于促进肿瘤营养治疗向更加 精准化、个体化方向发展。

Rational nutritional therapy plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life reducing complications lowering treatment costs and enhancing the prognosis of cancer patients. Due to the disease itself and the effects of treatment cancer patients often face severe malnutrition however the current rate of clinical nutritional intervention still needs improvement. In 2024 Chinese researchers achieved significant breakthroughs across several key areas of oncology nutrition encompassing cancer prevention metabolic intervention nutritional assessment and mechanistic studies In cancer prevention studies have shown that specific foods such as onions and cruciferous vegetables can significantly reduce the risk of liver and gastrointestinal cancers Regarding metabolic and nutritional interventions and assessment research revealed that a serine / glycine - free diet can enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy methionine supplementation can improve muscle atrophy caused by cancer cachexia sarcopenic obesity is closely associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients whereas a high BMI has a protective effect in elderly cancer patients. Mechanistic investigations further elucidated tumor cells drive immune evasion through metabolic competition providing a theoretical basis for precision therapies targeting metabolic pathways. In the future artificial intelligence technologies will empower research in oncology nutrition and metabolism promoting the design of individualized and precise nutritional prescriptions. These high - level research findings provide important evidence-based medical support for nutritional therapy in cancer helping to advance the field toward greater precision and individualization.