乳腺癌发病与不良生活方式、超重、代谢异常及雌激素水平过高等因素紧密相连。 近年来,运动在乳腺癌防治领域 的价值日益凸显,临床研究结果表明,从乳腺癌预防到治疗,运动均发挥重要作用。 在预防方面,运动通过减少雌激素敏感乳 腺组织的体积、降低体内雌激素水平和体脂率,能有效降低乳腺癌发病风险。 对于接受辅助化疗、新辅助化疗、局部放疗或内 分泌治疗的早期患者,运动不仅能改善心肺功能、提升体能,还能调节情绪与睡眠、减轻疲劳、缓解化疗不良反应、缓解关节 痛、维持肌肉和骨密度、提高生活质量和改善预后。 针对手术患者,运动有助于预防或缓解淋巴水肿,改善上肢功能和提高生 活质量。 针对乳腺癌幸存者,运动可增强肌肉力量与心肺功能、调节代谢综合征和降低远期复发率。 对于晚期乳腺癌患 者,运动则能减轻疲劳和提高生活质量。 总之,目前一系列研究指出,采用多种类型的有氧或抗阻运动,无论是单独或联 合,患者均可能从中获益。 女性应结合自身情况,选择合适的运动方式与强度。 未来尚需深入研究,以制定更精准、个性化的 运动方案,助力乳腺癌防治。

The incidence of breast cancer is closely related to unhealthy lifestyle overweight abnormal metabolism and high estrogen level. In recent years the value of exercise in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer has become increasingly prominent. The clinical research results show that exercise plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. In terms of prevention exercise can effectively reduce the risk of breast cancer by reducing the volume of estrogen sensitive breast the level of estrogen in the body and the rate of body fat. For early patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy neoadjuvant chemotherapy local radiotherapy or endocrine therapy exercise can not only improve cardiopulmonary function and enhance physical fitness but also regulate emotions and sleep reduce fatigue alleviate chemotherapy adverse reactions relieve joint pain maintain muscle and bone density improve quality of life and improve prognosis. For surgical patients exercise can help prevent or alleviate lymphedema improve upper limb function and enhance quality of life. For survivors of breast cancer exercise can enhance muscle strength and cardiopulmonary function regulate metabolic syndrome and reduce long - term recurrence rate. For patients with advanced breast cancer exercise can reduce fatigue and improve the quality of life. In conclusion this article summarizes and reviews a series of studies on exercise and breast cancer pointing out that patients may benefit from various types of aerobic or resistance exercise whether alone or in combination. Women should choose appropriate exercise methods and intensities based on their own situation. Further research is needed in the future to develop more accurate and personalized exercise programs to help prevent and treat breast cancer.