目的 探索胃肠道肿瘤术后患者家庭照顾者营养素养类别,并分析不同类别的影响因素。 方法 便利选取 2023 年 12 月至 2024 年 2 月入住南京中医药大学附属医院消化肿瘤外科和普外科的 402 例胃肠道肿瘤术后患者的家庭照顾者作为研究 对象。 以社会认知理论为框架,采用自行设计的一般资料调查表、消化系统肿瘤术后患者家庭照顾者营养素养量表、家庭照 顾者沟通模式量表及肿瘤患者支持者未满足需求量表进行调查。 潜在剖面分析家庭照顾者营养素养水平,多因素 Logistic 回 归分析家庭照顾者营养素养的影响因素。 结果 回收有效问卷 399 份,问卷有效率为 99. 25%。 家庭照顾者营养素养特征分为 3 个类别:基础薄弱型(40. 35%)、态度突出-波动型(13. 53%)和全能稳定型(46. 12%)。 性别、文化程度、照顾者工作状况、家 庭经济、与患者关系、与医护人员交流情况、沟通模式和未满足需求程度是 3 个潜在类别的影响因素(P<0. 05)。 结论 胃肠道 肿瘤术后患者的家庭照顾者营养素养有明显的类别特征,医护人员可根据家庭照顾者人口学和疾病特征预判营养素养特 征,据此制订针对性、个性化应对策略,以提高家庭照顾者的营养素养水平。

Objective To explore the nutritional literacy categories of family caregivers for postoperative gastrointestinal cancer patients and analyze the influencing factors of different categories. Method Conveniently select the family caregivers of 402 postoperative patients with gastrointestinal tumors who were admitted to our hospital from December 2023 to February 2024 as the research subjects. Using social cognitive theory as a framework a self-designed general information survey form a nutrition literacy scale for family caregivers of patients with digestive system tumors after surgery a communication mode scale for family caregivers and an unmet needs scale for cancer patient supporters were used for the survey. Potential profile analysis was conducted on the nutritional literacy level of family caregivers and multiple Logistic regression analysis was performed on the influencing factors of family caregivers' nutritional literacy that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis. Result 399 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective rate of 99. 25% . The nutritional literacy characteristics of family caregivers can be divided into three categories weak foundation type 40. 35% prominent attitude fluctuation type 13. 53% and versatile stability type 46. 12% . Gender educational level caregiver work status family economy patient relationship communication with medical staff communication mode and degree of unmet needs are three potential categories of influencing factors P<0. 05 . Conclusion The nutritional literacy of family caregivers of patients with gastrointestinal tumors after surgery has obvious categorical characteristics. Medical staff can predict the nutritional literacy characteristics of caregivers based on their demographic and disease characteristics and develop targeted and personalized response strategies accordingly to improve the level of nutritional literacy.