酸枣仁是历史悠久的食药同源物质的天然植物产品,其活性成分主要包括皂苷类、黄酮类、生物碱类、脂肪酸类等 植物化合物,其中酸枣仁皂苷类化合物研究最为广泛。 酸枣仁活性成分具有镇静催眠、神经保护、抗炎、抗氧化应激、调节心 肌电生理活动、抗血小板聚集、调节血脂、抑制肿瘤生长以及调节代谢等生物作用,并且在神经系统疾病如惊厥、阿尔茨海默 病、帕金森病;心血管系统如心律失常、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病等疾病;感染与炎症;恶性肿瘤如肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌 等;以及代谢性疾病如糖尿病、多囊卵巢综合征等多种疾病临床前研究模型显现出防治潜力,特别是传统复方应用和新的食 药同源物质新产品开发近年来发展迅速。 本文系统梳理了酸枣仁活性成分作用及机制的研究进展,为后续科学研究方向提 供一定参考。 酸枣仁活性成分的研究与开发仍处于起步阶段,需要更多的基础研究和临床试验进一步明确其有效性和安全 性,促进酸枣仁在农医领域的深度研究与开发。

Semen Ziziphi Spinosae ZSS a natural medicinal and edible plant with a long history of use contains diverse phytochemicals such as saponins flavonoids alkaloids and fatty acids among which saponins e. g. jujubosides A and B have been most extensively studied. These phytochemicals exhibit a wide range of biological activities including sedative - hypnotic neuroprotective anti-inflammatory antioxidant antiarrhythmic antiplatelet aggregation lipid-lowering antitumor hypoglycemic and metabolic regulatory effects. Bioactive components of ZSS have demonstrated health-promoting functions such as improving sleep alleviating anxiety and depression enhancing learning and memory modulating immunity and combating oxidative stress. Moreover they show significant therapeutic potential across multiple disease models such as neurological disorders e. g. seizures Alzheimer􀆶 s disease Parkinson􀆶 s disease cardiovascular diseases e. g. arrhythmias coronary atherosclerosis infections inflammatory conditions malignancies e. g. lung breast and colorectal cancers and metabolic disorders e. g. diabetes polycystic ovary syndrome . In recent years the application of traditional compound formulas and the development of new products using food-medicine homologous substances have seen rapid progress. This review summarizes the pharmacology and underlying mechanisms of ZSS bioactive components providing a reference for future scientific investigations. Current research and development of these bioactive components remain at a preclinical stage necessitating further fundamental studies and clinical trials to validate their efficacy and safety thereby facilitating in-depth exploration and utilization in healthcare applications.