结直肠癌(CRC)是全球第三大常见肿瘤,植物中天然存在的植物化合物因其潜在的抗肿瘤活性成为防治 CRC 的 研究热点。 大量研究表明,植物化合物多酚类(如白藜芦醇、大豆异黄酮、儿茶素等)、含硫化合物和醌类(如大蒜素、异硫氰酸 酯等)及萜类(如植物甾醇等)等化合物可通过多种分子机制抑制 CRC 的发生与发展。 其作用机制涉及抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、 诱导凋亡和自噬、抗炎抗氧化和调节肿瘤免疫微环境、代谢重编程以及肠道菌群稳态等。 此外,部分化合物可增强化疗药物 与放疗的敏感性并减轻其副作用。 但在临床应用中,植物化合物在 CRC 中的应用仍面临机制复杂不清、生物利用度低、剂量 依赖性效应不明显及长期安全性等问题的挑战。 未来研究需结合人工智能技术、新型递药系统、结构优化及精准医学等研究 方法,并设计高质量的临床随机对照试验验证植物化合物在 CRC 预防与辅助治疗中的效果。

Colorectal cancer CRC is the third most common tumor worldwide. Phytochemicals naturally occurring in plants have emerged as a research focus in colorectal cancer CRC due to their potential anti - tumor activities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that phytochemicals such as polyphenols e. g. resveratrol soy isoflavones catechin sulfur-containing compounds and quinones e. g. allicin isothiocyanate and terpenoids e. g. phytosterols can inhibit the initiation and progression of CRC through diverse molecular mechanisms. These mechanisms involve the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation induction of apoptosis and autophagy anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and modulation of tumor immune microenvironment metabolic reprogramming and gut microbiome homeostasis. Furthermore certain phytochemicals can enhance the sensitivity of CRC to chemotherapy and radiotherapy while mitigating their associated side effects. However the clinical application of phytochemicals for CRC management faces challenges including unclear mechanisms low bioavailability unobvious dose - dependent effects and concerns regarding long-term safety. Future research should integrate methodologies such as artificial intelligence novel drug delivery systems structural optimization and precision medicine. Furthermore high - quality randomized controlled clinical trials should be used to verify the potential effects of phytochemicals in the prevention and adjuvant therapy of CRC.