肌肉减少症是一种肌肉量减少、肌肉强度下降、肌肉功能减退的综合征，在老年人、体力活动缺乏者、慢性 疾病患者、恶性肿瘤患者中发病率较高，肌肉减少症患者跌倒、衰弱、失能的风险明显增加，独立生活能力减退，直接影 响老年人生活质量和临床结局，早期认识肌肉减少症对延缓老年衰弱有积极意义。肌肉减少症原因可分为与年龄相关、营 养相关、活动性相关、疾病相关这几个类型。年龄、内分泌改变、慢性炎症、恶液质、营养不良、维生素D 缺乏等能引起 肌肉减少症的发生。欧洲肌肉减少症工作组最新的专家共识建议使用低肌力作为肌肉减少症的最主要参数，推荐的诊断流 程为：问卷筛查肌肉减少症高危人群 - 测量肌肉力量判断患病可能性 - 测量肌肉量确诊 - 测量躯体活动能力评估疾病严重程 度。随着研究的进展人们对肌肉减少症的机制认识越来越清晰，早期营养干预、积极的抗阻运动及合理的药物治疗等可明 显改善肌肉量和肌力，延缓老年人功能衰退，提高生活质量。随着老龄化的到来，人们对肌肉减少症的研究日益重视，发 病机制日渐清晰，但药物治疗方面证据仍不足。

 Sarcopenia is a syndrome associated with low muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance. The morbidity rate of sarcopenia is pretty high in elderly people who are lake of physical activity, chronic disease patients and patients with malignancy. Patients have higher risks of falling, frailty and disability, and are more likely to be independence. Sarcopenia also impact on the quality of life and clinical outcome directly, and if we pay enough attention to sarcopenia early in life, it can help us delaying frailty. Sarcopenia are categorized as aged-related sarcopenia, sarcopenia with malnutrition, sarcopenia associated with activity, disease-related sarcopenia. Aging, endocrine changes, chronic inflammation, cachexia, malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency can lead to sarcopenia. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People revises their consensus recently, and  recommends using muscle strength as the most important parameter of sarcopenia, and they updates its algorithm for sarcopenia casefinding, diagnosis and severity determination. Mechanism of sarcopenia has been realized within more and more studies developping. Nutrition supplement, resistance exercise and hormone replacement therapy can improve muscle mass and strength, delay function decline, improve quality of life. Etiology of sarcopenia is not integral yet, pharmacotherapy still needs more powerful evidence.