摘要
随着诊疗技术的进步，全球诊断后存活超过5年的肿瘤康复者逐年增多，肿瘤的预后成为了大家关注的热点，而能量平衡因素作为提高生活质量的新方法也越来越受到关注。能量平衡是指一定时段内，人体中的能量相对保持平衡，即输入和输出的能量之比等于人体内储存能量的变化率，而饮食、体重和身体活动因描述了能量消耗、损失和储存之间的关系被统称为能量平衡因素。有初步证据表明，肥胖、不活动、低质量饮食可降低肿瘤患者生存率，而改变生活方式也可能改善预后，因此本文荟萃了能量平衡因素对肿瘤康复者预后的影响并提出生活方式的建议。研究显示，高质量饮食降低了乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结直肠癌康复者的死亡率，但对头颈癌的影响尚不确定；被诊断为肥胖可增加乳腺癌和前列腺癌康复者的死亡风险，并可能改善结直肠癌预后；乳腺癌和肺癌康复者适当的身体活动有利于预后。虽然尚需要进一步的随机对照研究，但是健康饮食、保持健康体重和积极活动的生活方式有利于肿瘤预后。未来能量平衡相关因素将有希望进一步完善肿瘤后期治疗。
Abstract
With advances in earlier detection and treatment， the number of cancer survivors living at least 5 years after diagnosis is increasing annually all around the world. The prognosis of cancer has become a ‘hot spot’ and the roles of energy balance factors as a novel method to improve the quality of life is drawing more and more attention. Energy balance means that the energy in the human body is relatively balanced during a certain period of time， that is， the ratio of the energy of input and output is equal to the rate of change of energy stored in the human body. Diet， weight， and physical activity are collectively referred to as energy balance factors by describing the relationship between energy consumed， expended and energy stored. There is prima facie evidence that obesity， inactivity， and low-quality diets can reduce survival in cancer patients， and lifestyle changes may also improve prognosis so this paper provides an overview of the many studies about energy balance factors on the prognosis of cancer survivors and provides lifestyle recommendations. Studies have shown that high-quality diets reduce mortality among survivors of breast cancer， prostate cancer and colorectal cancer， but the impact on head and neck cancer is still unknown； obesity at diagnosis increases mortality risk in patients with breast cancer and prostate cancer， and potentially in those with colorectal cancer； proper physical activity is good for prognosis in individuals diagnosed with the cancers of the breast and lung. Although further randomized controlled trials are needed， a healthy diet， a healthy weight， and a physically active lifestyle contribute to cancer prognosis. Energy balance related factors will hope to further improve the post-tumor treatment in the future.
关键词
肿瘤 /
预后 /
饮食 /
体重 /
活动
Key words
Cancer /
Prognosis /
Diet /
Body weight /
Physical activity
陆晨，刘凌翔.
能量平衡因素对肿瘤康复者预后的影响[J]. 肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志. 2019, 6(2): 261-265 https://doi.org/10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2019.02.020
LU Chen， LIU Ling-xiang.
The roles of energy balance factors on the prognosis of cancer survivors[J]. Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer. 2019, 6(2): 261-265 https://doi.org/10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2019.02.020
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基金
国家自然科学基金（81472782）；江苏省自然科学基金（BK20141491）
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