目的 探讨肠道菌群变化与宫颈癌放疗结束时间的影响，为临床防治肠道感染提供实验依据。方法 以放疗结束时间为依据，将患者放疗结束时间在3个月以内分为短期组；放疗结束时间在3个月及以上分为长期组。利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台对肠道菌群的16S rRNA基因V4区序列进行测序分析，并用微生物生态学的定量研究2（QIIME 2）等软件对测序序列进行生物信息学分析，通过重建未观察到的状态进行群落系统发育调查（PICRUSt）预测菌群代谢功能。结果 两组肠道微生物丰度、多样性差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；肠道细菌群落结构上，两组间具有显著性差异（P>0.05）；在菌群组成上，两组筛选出5种丰度具有显著性差异的菌属，分别为f_Barnesielaceae_g_uncl、g_AlistiPes、g_Bacteroides、g_Blautia、g_Desulfovibrio。在代谢功能上，长期组患者发现1种异常代谢途径上调的现象，而短期组患者以生理性代谢途径为主。结论 通过对两组宫颈癌患者肠道菌群基因测序分析和微生态学研究，发现放疗结束时间对菌群多样性和代谢功能具有一定的影响。对于放疗结束时间超过3个月的患者，其肠道菌群发现5种菌属和1种异常代谢途径变化，而短期组中未见有显著变化，为临床防治放疗相关性肠道菌群失调提供微生物基础。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of the end time of radiotherapy on intestinal microflora in cervical cancer patients, providing experimental evidence for clinical prevention and treatment of intestinal infections. Methods Based on the end time of radiotherapy, patients were divided into short-term group within 3months, and patients were divided into long-term groups with 3months or more of the end time of radiotherapy. For sequencing and analysis of 16S rRNA gene v4 sequences of intestinal microflora, we chose Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing platform. In addition, bioinformatics analysis of the results was processed by using a collection of tools such as QIIME 2, and to predict the functional metabolism of intestinal microbiota by PICRUSt. Results There was no significant difference in intestinal microbial richness and diversity between the two groups (P>0.05)；In the structure of intestinal microbial community, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05)；In terms of intestinal microorganisms composition, 5 bacterial genera with significant differences were selected from the two groups, namely f_Barnesielaceae_g_uncl, g_AlistiPes, g_Bacteroides, g_Blautia, and g_Desulfovibrio. In terms of functional metabolism, it was found that the metabolism type of intestinal microbiota in patients in the Long-term group appeared to the up-regulation of colitis-related metabolic pathways. However, in the short-term group, the metabolic types of the intestinal microbiota were mainly normal metabolic pathways. Conclusion Through the analysis of intestinal microflora gene sequencing and microecological study in two groups of cervical cancer patients, it was found that the end time of radiotherapy had a certain effect on the diversity and metabolic function of intestinal microflora. For patients whose intestinal microflora was completed more than 3 months ago, 5 bacterial genera and 1 abnormal metabolic pathway were found in their intestinal microflora, while no significant changes were seen in STG. This is for clinical prevention and treatment of radiotherapy-related intestinal flora imbalance provide a microbiological basis.
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