关于细胞发生癌变的原因探究

宗如华; 张爱华

doi:10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.04.015

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肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4) : 563-569. DOI: 10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.04.015

综述

关于细胞发生癌变的原因探究

¹宗如华, ²张爱华

作者信息 +

Research on the causes of cells turning into cancer cells

¹Zong Ruhua, ²Zhang Aihua

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

1924 年 Otto Warburg 提出的瓦尔堡效应,即癌细胞有氧条件下仍优先发生糖酵解,其最初归因于细胞呼吸不可逆损伤、并将呼吸损伤视作癌变驱动因素的假说,因部分癌细胞可维持旺盛线粒体呼吸而未得到学界公认。本文系统梳理并调和瓦尔堡效应与癌细胞功能性线粒体呼吸并存的表面矛盾,提出线粒体呼吸链复合物Ⅰ不可逆损伤诱发脂类合成正反馈环路是细胞癌变核心机制,而正常细胞脂类代谢受负反馈通路精密调控。癌细胞脂类合成高度依赖谷氨酰胺、不严格依赖葡萄糖,脂类合成又是肿瘤细胞增殖分裂的必需前提;基于该代谢特征,靶向谷氨酰胺酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶开发特异性抑制剂,有望成为肿瘤治疗的新型策略。

Abstract

The Warburg effect, proposed by Otto Warburg in 1924, describes the preferential glycolysis occurring in cancer cells even under aerobic conditions. His original hypothesis attributed this phenomenon to irreversible impairment of cellular respiration and regarded such respiratory damage as the driving force of carcinogenesis, yet this theory failed to gain widespread academic recognition because certain cancer cells retain robust mitochondrial respiratory activity. This review systematically sorts out and resolves the apparent contradiction between the coexistence of the Warburg effect and functional mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells. It proposes that irreversible damage to Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain triggers a positive feedback loop of lipid synthesis, which constitutes the core mechanism underlying cell carcinogenesis, whereas lipid metabolism in normal cells is precisely regulated by negative feedback pathways. Lipid synthesis in cancer cells is highly dependent on glutamine rather than glucose, and lipid biosynthesis is an essential prerequisite for the proliferation and division of tumor cells. Based on this metabolic characteristic, developing specific inhibitors targeting glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase is expected to become a novel strategy for cancer treatment.

导出引用

宗如华, 张爱华. 关于细胞发生癌变的原因探究[J]. 肿瘤代谢与营养电子杂志. 2026, 13(4): 563-569 https://doi.org/10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.04.015

Zong Ruhua, Zhang Aihua. Research on the causes of cells turning into cancer cells[J]. Electronic Journal of Metabolism and Nutrition of Cancer. 2026, 13(4): 563-569 https://doi.org/10.16689/j.cnki.cn11-9349/r.2026.04.015

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