传统的基本生命体征是体温、脉搏、呼吸和血压，所有患者入院时常规检查。相对于上述四大基本生命体征，对患者而言，营养状况是另外一个重要的生命体征。营养状况与疾病发生、发展、转归及治疗效果密切相关，决定了疾病发生与否、治疗效果好坏、临床结局喜忧、并发症多少、住院时间长短和医疗费用高低。营养失衡（营养不足或营养过剩）的后果不仅是生理的、心理的，而且是社会、经济的；不仅影响当下，而且影响未来；不仅影响本人，而且影响后代；不仅影响个人，而且影响家庭。据此，作者认为营养状况是患者的基本生命体征，患者入院时常规评价并记录的基本生命体征应该包括营养状况，现行体温单应该增加营养状况。
Abstract
The vital signs, including body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, are subject to routine examinations on admission. Besides these four primary vital signs, nutritional status could be another essential vital sign. Nutritional status is closely associated with the therapeutic efficacy, clinical outcomes, complication rate, length of hospital stay, and medical costs. Nutritional imbalance, both over- and undernutrition, has an impact on several aspects such as physiology, psychology, society, and economy. Malnutrition not only has a personal effect on the patient, it also affects the family and even the next generation （s）. Therefore, nutritional status should be considered as a primary vital sign and recorded on the body temperature sheet on admission as a routine.
关键词
营养状况 /
生命体征 /
疾病相关性营养不良
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基金
国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC1309200）
北京市医院管理局临床医学发展专项（ZYLX201839）
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