肝癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其恶性程度高、发病隐匿，缺乏特异性的早期诊断与治疗标志物。肝癌的发生发展与其代谢过程密切相关。与其他大多数肿瘤细胞类似，肝癌细胞的代谢过程较正常肝细胞发生了诸多显著改变，具体表现在糖酵解异常活跃、脂肪酸从头合成增强而氧化减弱、谷氨酰胺分解代谢加快等。这些代谢的异常改变为肝癌细胞提供了中间物质与能量，以满足其快速生长、增殖与转移所需。同时，参与肝癌细胞不同代谢过程中的多种酶与信号分子也在其中发挥着不可替代的作用，因此调控上述代谢过程中关键的代谢酶及通路被认为是肝癌诊断与治疗的重要靶点。近年来，关于肝癌细胞代谢重编程及其临床应用研究取得了令人瞩目的进展。同时，寻找新型标志物分子也一直是肝癌研究领域的重点。本文主要围绕肝癌细胞的糖、脂、氨基酸及核苷酸代谢过程中发生的异常改变及其背后的分子机理进行了综述，同时对肝癌诊断与治疗标志物分子的潜在临床应用价值进行总结与展望。
Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in China， which is characterized by high degree of malignancy， insidious onset and lack of specific markers for early diagnosis and treatment. The development of liver cancer is its metabolic process. Similar to most other tumor cells， the metabolic process of liver cancer cells has undergone many significant changes compared to normal hepatocytes， such as abnormal activity of glycolysis， increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids and decreased oxidation， and accelerated glutamine catabolism. These abnormal changes in metabolism provide intermediate substances and energy for the rapid growth， proliferation and metastasis of liver cancer cells. At the same time， a variety of enzymes and signaling molecules involved in different metabolic processes also play an irreplaceable role in liver cancer. Therefore， the key metabolic enzymes and pathways that regulate the above metabolic processes are important targets for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. In recent years， the reprogramming of liver cancer cells and its clinical application have made remarkable progress. In addition， the research for new markers has been the focus of liver cancer. This paper focuses on the abnormal changes of glucose， lipid， amino acid and nucleotide metabolism and its molecular mechanism and the potential clinical application value of metabolic marker molecules will be summarized and prospected.
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