摘要：目的 在全国范围内调查了解肿瘤患者营养知识 - 态度 - 行为现状，为进一步实施肿瘤患者的营养教育和营养 干预提供科学依据。 方法 多中心、前瞻性、观察性研究，于 2012 年 12 月~2013 年 5 月采用便利抽样的方法对全国 1682 名肿瘤患者进行问卷调查，对所得结果进行统计学分析。 结果 总体肿瘤患者的营养知识得分（K 分） 72.7±28.70，及格 率 74.49%，优秀率 56.24%；营养态度得分（A 分） 84.3±20.40，及格率 90.31%，优秀率 74.97%；营养行为得分（P 分） 72.7±19.18，及格率 81.75%，优秀率 50.30%；肿瘤营养知识与态度（r=0.5109， P ＜ 0.0001）、知识与行为（r=0.2643 ， P ＜ 0.0001）之间具有相关性；男、女肿瘤患者营养知识、态度得分无差别（P ＞ 0.05），营养行为得分男性高于女性（P ＜ 0.05），肿瘤患者营养知识、态度、行为及格率男、女之间无差别（P ＞ 0.05），营养知识、态度优秀率男女之间无差 别（P ＞ 0.05），男患者营养行为优秀率高于女性（P ＜ 0.05）；不同年龄肿瘤患者间比较，营养知识、行为得分有差别 （P ＜ 0.05）， 45~60 岁患者得分最高，营养态度得分无差别（P ＞ 0.05），营养知识、态度及格率有差别（P ＜ 0.05）， ＞ 60 岁患者最高，营养行为及格率无差别（P ＞ 0.05），营养知识、态度、行为优秀率不同年龄肿瘤患者间无差别（P ＞ 0.05）；不同教育程度肿瘤患者营养知识、态度、行为得分、及格率、优秀率有差别（P ＜ 0.05），受教育程度高者优于 受教育程度低者；不同患病时间的肿瘤患者营养知识、行为得分、及格率、优秀率无差别（P ＞ 0.05），营养态度得分、 及格率、优秀率有差别（P ＜ 0.05），患病时间短者高于患重时间长者；不同患病部位肿瘤患者营养知识得分、及格率、 优秀率无差别（P ＞ 0.05），营养态度得分、优秀率有差别（P ＜ 0.05），消化系统患者最高，及格率无差别（P ＞ 0.05）， 营养行为得分、优秀率有差别（P ＜ 0.05），消化系统患者最高，及格率无差别（P ＞ 0.05）；肿瘤患者前 3 位营养知识 来源是电视（56.48%）、医生（54.40%）、书籍（43.46%），后 3 位营养知识来源是杂志（25.51%）、营养师（10.17%）、 其他（3.57%）。 结论 当前我国肿瘤患者对营养治疗有着积极地的态度，但营养知识和行为较差亟需进一步提高，非常有 必要加强对肿瘤患者的营养教育培训。

Abstract: Objective A nationwide survey was conducted to investigate the situation of knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) towards nutrition among cancer patients, and to provide scientific evidences for the further implementation of nutrition education and nutritional intervention on cancer patients. Methods A multi-center, prospective, observational study was preformed from December 2012 to May 2013. 1682 cancer patients were collected by convenience sampling method and investigated by using questionnaire. Results In total, the average of nutrition knowledge was 72.7 with the standard deviation (SD) of 28.70, the pass rate of 74.49% and the excellent rate of 56.24%. The average of nutrition attitude was 84.3 with the standard deviation (SD) of 20.40, the pass rate of 90.31% and the excellent rate of 74.97%. And the average of nutrition practice was 72.7 with the standard deviation (SD) of 19.18, the pass rate of 81.75% and the excellent rate of 50.30%. The correlation coefficient between K scores and A scores was 0.5109 with the p value less than 0.0001, and the correlation coefficient between K scores and the P scores was 0.2643 with the p value less than 0.0001, which means there are correlations between the K scores and A scores, the K scores and the P scores. There is no difference for the K scores and the A scores in SEX group (P>0.05), but the P scores in male group are higher than the female group (P<0.05). There is no difference for the pass rate of the K-A-P scores in SEX group (P>0.05). There is no difference for the excellent rate of the K scores and the A scores (P>0.05), but the excellent rate of P scores in male group are higher than Female group (P<0.05). Compared in different Age group, there is difference between the K scores and P scores (P< 0.05), and the group with age between 45 and 60 has the highest score. There is no significant difference for the A scores (P>0.05). There is difference for the pass rate of the K scores and A scores (P<0.05), the group with age older than 60 has the highest rate. There is no difference for the pass rate of the P scores. And there is no difference for the excellent rate of the K-A-P scores in different age group (P>0.05). There is difference for the K-A-P scores in different patients group with different degree, also for the pass rate and the excellent rate (P<0.05). The higher degree group is superior than the lower degree group. There is no different for the K-P scores, the pass rate, and the excellent rate in patients with different sick period. But there is difference for the A scores, the pass rate and the excellent rate, the group with shorter time is higher than the longer group. There is no difference for the K scores, the pass rate and the excellent rate in patients with different tumor locations (P>0.05). There is difference for the A-P scores and the excellent rate, the patients with digestive system tumors has the highest scores and the excellent rate. There is no difference for the pass rate of the A scores and P scores. The nutritional knowledge of patients were majorly from TV (56.48%), the doctor (54.40%), and books (43.46%). It’s not popular for the nutritional knowledge from magazines (25.51%), nutritionist (10.17%) and other sources (3.57%). Conclusions The cancer patients in our country have a positive attitude for the tumor treatment, but there nutritional knowledge and practice need be improved, the nutritional training is necessary.