癌症幸存者（又可译为癌症生存者）是指长期生存的癌症患者。随着肿瘤诊断、治疗技术的不断进展和新型药 物的出现，肿瘤患者长期生存已经成为现实。但是，在抗肿瘤治疗过程中和治疗结束以后，以及日后的随访和监测复发中， 癌症幸存者们在生理、心理、经济和社会各方面都有着特殊的困难。这些困难包括各种抗肿瘤疗法导致的长期毒副作用和 后遗症的管理；从肿瘤患者向癌症幸存者角色的转变；从以治疗为主向以保健养生为主的转变；以及个人、社会和家庭角 色正常化的重新适应。此外，肿瘤专科医生和社区家庭医师也对癌症幸存者的特殊需求缺乏了解和专业训练。过去三十 年来，越来越多的研究揭示了癌症幸存者的特殊需求。当前，一个针对癌症幸存者的新兴医学研究和服务领域已经在欧 美国家兴起：肿瘤患者生存状况研究和服务。这个领域涉及多学科专业人员、政府组织、社会团体、肿瘤患者和家属的共 同关注和参与。癌症幸存者的生存状态服务已经成为肿瘤专科和其他医学专科的重点之一。本文对美国癌症幸存者及其生 存状况的定义、历史发展和现状进行了回顾分析，同时本文也结合中国肿瘤患者的现状，对在中国开展肿瘤患者生存状况 研究和服务提出了建议和展望。

Cancer survivors are persons living with cancer. It has become a reality that a cancer patient can live for many years after a cancer diagnosis due to the advancement of medical treatment and newly developed cancer drugs. Nevertheless, during and after the completion of anti-cancer therapies, and during the later follow-ups and monitoring the cancer recurrence, cancer survivors face unique physical, psychological, economic and social challenges. These issues include managing long-term toxicities and later effects of anti-cancer therapies; the changes from a cancer patient to a cancer survivor; the transition from cancer treatments to healthy living and the readjustment of their roles in the society and their families. In addition, many oncologists and community family physicians are not familiar with the concept of cancer survivorship with inadequate professional training. In past 30 years, the research and services of cancer survivorship is becoming an emerging branch of medicine in the United States and Europe, which comprises multidisciplinary professionals, governments, social services, cancer patients and their families. We reviewed and analysised the definition, history, development and current research of cancer survivorship in the United States. Comparing with the current cancer condition in China, we provided directions and perspectives of cancer survivorship research and services for the cancer community in China.